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Unconventional wording, linguistic errors etc. in the spoken language of George W. Bush-league

George West. Bush speaking to a Joint Session of Congress, 2001

Bushisms are unconventional statements, phrases, pronunciations, Freudian slips, malapropisms, besides as semantic or linguistic errors in the public speaking of the 43rd President of the United states of america George West. Bush-league.^[1] ^[2] The term Bushism has become part of pop sociology and is the ground of a number of websites and published books. Information technology is often used to caricature the former president. Common characteristics include malapropisms, the cosmos of neologisms, spoonerisms, stunt words and ungrammatical subject–verb understanding.

Discussion [edit]

Bush-league'southward use of the English language language in formal and public speeches has spawned several books that document the statements. A poem entitled "Make the Pie Higher", equanimous entirely of Bushisms, was compiled by cartoonist Richard Thompson.^[iii] ^[4] Various public figures and humorists, such as Jon Stewart of The Daily Prove and Garry Trudeau, creator of the comic strip Doonesbury, accept popularized some more famous Bushisms.^{[ citation needed ]}

Linguist Mark Liberman of Language Log has suggested that Bush-league is non unusually error-prone in his speech communication, saying: "You can brand whatsoever public effigy sound like a puppet, if yous record everything he says and set hundreds of hostile observers to combing the transcripts for disfluencies, malapropisms, word formation errors and examples of non-standard pronunciation or usage... Which of the states could stand up up to a similar level of linguistic scrutiny?".^[5] Near a decade after George Westward. Bush-league said "misunderestimated" in a spoken communication, Philip Hensher called the term i of his "nearly memorable additions to the linguistic communication, and an incidentally expressive one: it may be that nosotros rather needed a word for 'to underestimate by mistake'."^{[half dozen]}

Announcer and pundit Christopher Hitchens published an essay in The Nation titled "Why Dubya Can't Read", writing:

I used to have the task of tutoring a dyslexic child, and I know something nigh the symptoms. So I kicked myself difficult when I read the profile of Governor George W. Bush, past my friend and colleague Gail Sheehy, in this month's Vanity Fair. All those jokes and cartoons and websites almost his gaffes, bungles and malapropisms? Nosotros've been unknowingly teasing the afflicted. The poor guy is obviously dyslexic, and dyslexic to the point of well-nigh-illiteracy. [..]
I know from my education experience that nature very oftentimes compensates the dyslexic with a higher IQ or some grant of intuitive intelligence. If this is true for Bush-league it hasn't even so become obvious.

— ^[7]

Stanford Graduate School lecturer and one-time Bush economical policy advisor Keith Hennessey has argued that the number of Bush-league'south verbal gaffes is not unusual given the significant corporeality of time that he has spoken in public, and that Barack Obama'southward miscues are not as scrutinized. In Hennessey'due south view, Bush "intentionally aimed his public prototype at average Americans rather than at Cambridge or Upper Due east Side elites".^[8]

Bush's statements were besides notorious for their ability to state the contrary of what he intended, with notable examples including his remarks on the estate revenue enhancement, "I'thousand not certain 80% of people get the death tax. I know this: 100% will become it if I'm the president."^[ix]

Examples [edit]

General [edit]

"I think nosotros concur, the past is over."^[10] ^[xi] – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on meeting with John McCain; May 10, 2000
"They misunderestimated me."^[12] – Bentonville, Arkansas; November six, 2000
"I know the man and fish tin can coexist peacefully." – Saginaw, Michigan, September 29, 2000, while attempting to reassure the business community that he does non support tearing down dams to protect endangered fish species.^[13]
"In that location's an old saying in Tennessee—I know it'due south in Texas, probably in Tennessee—that says, 'Fool me once, shame on...shame on you. Fool me—yous can't get fooled once again.'"^[14] – Nashville, Tennessee; September 17, 2002. The right proverb is "fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me".^[15]
"Too many good docs are getting out of the business. As well many OB-GYNs aren't able to practise their love with women all across this land."^[16] – Poplar Bluff, Missouri; September 6, 2004
"I'thou going to put people in my identify, and then when the history of this administration is written at least there's an authoritarian voice maxim exactly what happened."^[17] – announcing he would write a book nigh "the 12 toughest decisions" he had to make.
"See, in my line of work you got to keep repeating things over and over and over over again for the truth to sink in, to kind of catapult the propaganda."^[18] ^[19]
"I'll be long gone before some smart person ever figures out what happened inside this Oval Office." – Washington, D.C., in an interview with The Jerusalem Post; May 12, 2008^[20] ^[21]

Foreign affairs [edit]

"I'm the commander, see. I don't need to explicate—I do not demand to explicate why I say things. That'southward the interesting thing about being the President. Possibly somebody needs to explain to me why they say something, simply I don't feel like I owe anybody an explanation."^[22]
"Yesterday, you made note of my—the lack of my talent when it came to dancing. Only nevertheless, I desire yous to know I danced with joy. And no question Liberia has gone through very hard times" – Washington, D.C., speaking with the President of Republic of liberia, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf; October 22, 2008.^[23]
"This is notwithstanding a dangerous world. It'south a world of madmen and uncertainty and potential mental losses." – Charleston, South Carolina, in a public outdoor speech; Jan 2000.^[24] Co-ordinate to the Financial Times, the phrase "mental losses" dislocated the oversupply, although information technology seemed distantly related to "missile launches".^[24]
"Our enemies are innovative and resourceful, and then are we. They never stop thinking about new ways to impairment our country and our people, and neither do nosotros."^[18] ^[25]
"I'm telling you there's an enemy that would like to attack America, Americans, over again. In that location simply is. That's the reality of the earth. And I wish him all the very all-time." – Washington, D.C.; Jan 12, 2009^[26]
"Well, I mean that a defeat in Iraq volition embolden the enemy and will provide the enemy—more opportunity to train, programme, to attack us. That's what I mean. In that location— information technology's— you know, i of the hardest parts of my job is to connect Iraq to the war on terror."^[27]
"I merely want you to know that, when we talk about war, we're really talking about peace."^[28]
"See, free nations are peaceful nations. Free nations don't attack each other. Complimentary nations don't develop weapons of mass destruction."^[29]
(On a golf form) "I call upon all nations, to do everything they tin, to stop these terrorist killers. Thank y'all... now watch this drive."^[xxx]

Economics [edit]

"You bet I cut the taxes at the meridian. That encourages entrepreneurship. What we Republicans should stand for is growth in the economic system. We ought to make the pie higher."^[24]
In Jan 2000, just before the New Hampshire primary, Bush challenged the members of the Nashua Sleeping room of Commerce to imagine themselves equally a single mother "working hard to put food on your family".^[24]
"You work three jobs?... Uniquely American, isn't information technology? I hateful, that is fantastic that you're doing that." – Omaha, Nebraska; Feb. iv, 2005^[31] ^[32]

Education [edit]

"Rarely is the question asked: Is our children learning?"^[four] – Florence, South Carolina; January xi, 2000
"Y'all teach a kid to read, and he or her will be able to laissez passer a literacy test."^[xviii] ^[31]
"Equally yesterday'due south positive report card shows, childrens do learn when standards are high and results are measured." – September 2007^[33]

Come across also [edit]

Internets (a Bushism, pluralizing "Internet", that has become a catchphrase)
Anguish Languish (examples of homophonic translation)
Colemanballs (verbal gaffes past British sports commentators)
Eggcorn (e.g., saying "old-timers' disease" instead of "Alzheimer'due south affliction")
Malapropism
Spoonerism (east.g., "Is it kisstomary to cuss the helpmate?")
Strategery (a word coined by Saturday Night Live to satirize Bush)
Yogiism (Yogi Berra)
Listing of nicknames used by George W. Bush-league
Covfefe and Hamberder (similar gaffes attributed to Donald Trump)
Smashing Moments in Presidential Speeches, a recurring sketch ambulation on Late Show with David Letterman during the Bush administration

References [edit]

^ Bines, Jonathan (May 1992). Bushisms: President George Herbert Walker Bush in His Ain Words. Workman Pub Co. ISBN978-1-56305-318-4.
^ "The 'misunderestimated' president?". BBC. January 7, 2009. Retrieved Jan 23, 2009. The word "Bushism" has been coined to label his occasional verbal lapses during eight years in office, which come to an end on 20 January.
^ "The Comics Reporter". comicsreporter.com.
^ ^a ^b "Make the Pie College!". Snopes.com. 2002. Retrieved Oct 12, 2006.
^ Mark Liberman, "You lot say Nevada, I say Nevahda". January 3, 2004.
^ Hensher, Philip (July 21, 2010). "Sarah Palin's struggle with English language". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on July 23, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
^ Hitchens, Christopher (September 24, 2000). "Why Dubya Can't Read". The Nation . Retrieved July 25, 2011.
^ "George W. Bush Is Smarter than You". realclearpolitics.com.
^ Hall Jamieson, Kathleen (2004). The Press Consequence: Politicians, Journalists, and the Stories that Shape the Political World. Oxford University Press. p. 62.
^ "Bushisms of the Calendar week". Slate Magazine. May 11, 2000. Retrieved October ix, 2019.
^ Jackson, David and Wayne Slater. (May x, 2000). "Subdued McCain Endorses Bush". The Dallas Morning News.
^ "Meridian 10 Bushisms: The Miseducation of America". Fourth dimension. January eleven, 2009. Retrieved March ii, 2009.
^ "Top X Bushisms: Fish Are Friends". Time. January 11, 2009. Archived from the original on January 18, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
^ "Remarks by the President on Teaching American History and Civic Education". White House Archives. September 17, 2002. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
^ "fool me once, shame on y'all; fool me twice, shame on me". en.wiktionary.org . Retrieved March 4, 2021.
^ "Meridian Ten Bushisms: The Love Doctor is In". Fourth dimension. January 11, 2009. Archived from the original on Jan xix, 2009. Retrieved March two, 2009.
^ "Bush Speech In Canada Met With Protests". CBS News.
^ ^a ^b ^c see (item number "26.", of) Kelly, Martin (June 22, 2016). "The 40 Dumbest Bush-league Quotes of All Time". Dotdash.com. Archived from the original on May 11, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
^ Jacob Weisberg (May 25, 2005). "Bushism of the Mean solar day". Slate.
^ Daniel Kurtzman. "The 25 Dumbest Quotes of 2008". About.com. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
^ "The 'misunderestimated' president?". BBC. Jan 7, 2009.
^ Bob Woodward (Nov 19, 2002). Bush at War . Simon & Schuster. pp. 145–6. ISBN978-0743204736.
^ "The Complete Bushisms". Slate Mag. March 20, 2009. Archived from the original on July 22, 2017. Retrieved August nineteen, 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Make the Pie Higher!". Snopes.com. July 21, 2008.
^ "Top ten Bushisms". Time. January 11, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
^ Jacob Weisberg (March 20, 2009). "The Complete Bushisms". Slate. Archived from the original on July 22, 2017. Retrieved Baronial nineteen, 2012.
^ Caitlin Johnson (September 6, 2006). "Transcript: President Bush-league, Part two". CBS News.
^ "President George W. Bush-league Speaks to HUD Employees on National Homeownership Month". U.Southward. Department of Housing and Urban Development. June xviii, 2002.
^ "President Bush Discusses Economy, Pocket-size Business concern in Wisconsin". The White Firm. October 3, 2003.
^ Alan Isik, Arda (Nov 17, 2015). "Now watch this drive!". Daily Sabah . Retrieved November thirteen, 2020.
^ ^a ^b "GEORGE W. Bush-league QUOTES Ii". NotableQuotes. Retrieved Dec xi, 2014.
^ "'Misunderestimate' tops list of notable 'Bushisms'". New York Daily News. January 8, 2009.
^ ""Childrens exercise learn," Bush tells school kids". Reuters. September 26, 2007. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2017.